Tech
China’s brain-computer interface industry is racing ahead
While Elon Musk’s Neuralink likes to say it’s “pioneering” brain-computer interfaces (BCIs), China’s BCI industry is already quietly moving from research to scale.
A new wave of startups is racing to commercialize both implantable and noninvasive BCIs, backed by stronger policy support, expanding clinical trials, and growing investor interest. So says Phoenix Peng, who has founded not one but two BCI startups. He’s a co-founder of NeuroXess, maker of BCI implants, as well as founder and CEO of noninvasive ultrasound BCI startup Gestala.
His belief in the potential of this market is founded on concrete action: Provinces such as Sichuan, Hubei, and Zhejiang have already set medical service pricing for BCI, speeding its inclusion in the national medical insurance system.
Over time, he foresees the technology extending beyond medicine “treating disease” to “human augmentation,” he said.
“I have always maintained that neuroscience and AI are two sides of the same coin,” Peng said. “They are destined for deep integration, realizing direct high-bandwidth connections between the human brain and AI. BCI will serve as the ultimate bridge between carbon-based and silicon-based intelligence. While this may sound distant, it represents an unimaginably vast market in the future.”
Four factors driving BCI in China
But over the next three to five years, BCI use is likely to stay concentrated in healthcare, with the market reaching multibillion-dollar scale as insurance coverage expands, Peng told TechCrunch.
In August 2025, China’s industry ministry and six other agencies released a national roadmap to further speed development of BCIs. The plan targets major technical milestones by 2027, common industry standards, and a full supply chain by 2030, with the goal of building globally competitive BCI companies and supporting smaller specialized firms.
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Asked what’s driving China’s rapid progress in BCI, Peng told TechCrunch it comes down to four factors. The first one is strong policy support, with cross-department collaboration that aligns technical standards and medical reimbursement. In December, at the 2025 Shenzhen BCI & Human-Computer Interaction Expo, China announced an 11.6 billion yuan ($165 million) brain science fund to support BCI companies from research through commercialization.
The second factor is vast clinical resources, including large patient pools and lower research costs that accelerate trials. China’s national health insurance means quicker commercialization once the state approves a device. This compares to the U.S. where even after the FDA approves a device, private insurers, as the main payers, must each individually do so.
Researchers have completed the country’s first fully implanted, wireless BCI trial — only the second globally — allowing a paralyzed patient to control devices without external hardware, per CGTN. Neuralink is the startup that completed the first such trial.
“In traditional electrical BCIs, Chinese firms have achieved clinical progress in motor and language decoding, spinal cord reconstruction, and stroke rehabilitation, with over 50 flexible implantable BCI clinical trials completed by mid-2025,” Peng said, adding that next-generation efforts are now moving toward whole-brain neural decoding and encoding, including ultrasound-based approaches such as Gestala’s.
The third factor is China’s mature industrial manufacturing, Peng points out, spanning semiconductors, AI, and medical hardware, which supports fast R&D and prototyping. Finally, there is strategic investment in the market, with both state-led funds and private capital surging under national initiatives.
Some recent key deals include Shanghai-based BCI startup StairMed Technology raising $48 million (350 million yuan) in Series B funding in February 2025. BrainCo, a neurotech company developing its noninvasive BCIs and bionic limbs, has also quietly filed for a Hong Kong IPO, according to reports, after raising $287 million (2 billion yuan) earlier this year. Peng’s company, Gestala, which launched in January, is in talks with investors to close an angel round soon, he tells us.
All told, China’s BCI startups are ramping up to challenge U.S. leaders like Neuralink, Synchron, and Paradromics. Among the most active players in China are NeuroXess, Neuracle, NeuralMatrix, BrainCo, Bo Rui Kang Tech, Aoyi Tech, Brainland Tech, and Zhiran Medical. They span approaches from implantable flexible interfaces to noninvasive brain-computer technologies.
This means that China’s BCI market was expected to grow to more than $530 million (3.8 billion yuan) in 2025, up from 3.2 billion yuan in 2024, according to media reports, with projections putting the market at over 120 billion yuan by 2040.
BCI types
BCIs are taking two paths. The first is invasive electrophysiological BCIs like NeuroXess and Neuralink that implant electrodes in people’s brains for precise neuron-level signals. But this type comes with surgery risks. The second type is noninvasive systems like NeuroSky and BrainCo that trade some precision for safety and ease of use. (These devices — typically headsets or headbands using electroencephalography (EEG) — read electrical activity through the skull.)
The field is now broadening further, with emerging approaches — including ultrasound, magnetoencephalography imaging, transcranial magnetic stimulation, optical methods, and hybrid BCIs — giving researchers new tools to read and influence brain activity.
Startup founders also hope that noninvasive technology could help overcome adoption barriers. Not everyone is willing to undergo brain surgery to have a device implanted in their heads.
Ultrasound BCIs from companies like OpenAI-backed Merge Labs and Gestala are targeting high-prevalence conditions such as chronic pain, stroke, and depression. As noninvasive solutions, these technologies are more readily accepted by patients and offer significantly greater commercial scalability.
Gestala, for instance, expects to roll out its first-generation product by Q3, said Peng. Early clinical trials have shown promising results, he added, saying that a single session reduced pain scores by 50%, with effects lasting one to two weeks.
HSC, formerly Sequoia China, has meanwhile invested in Zhiran Medical, a startup founded in 2022 focused on improving long-term implant performance. The company uses flexible, high-throughput electrodes to reduce inflammation and signal loss associated with rigid implants.
“Some technologies may look cutting-edge but far from practical application,” Yang Yunxia, a partner at HSC, wrote in a blog post. While others appear commercially viable, they face “high costs” or significant technical barriers, Yunxia contended. Ultimately, investment decisions come down to whether the investor believes a product can be developed into a sustainable business, the partner noted.
The years ahead
Over the next five years, industry insiders expect China’s BCI regulations to align more closely with international standards, with a particular focus on regulatory approval and data sovereignty. Global frameworks developed by organizations such as the IEC and ISO, along with guidance from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), are expected to serve as key reference points.
Chinese regulators are also expected to tighten oversight of invasive devices, as well as the data that all BCI devices generate, while easing approval for noninvasive technologies.
As for the ethics that confront brain-implanted or manipulating devices, China plans to strengthen informed-consent requirements, broaden ethics review beyond medicine, and move toward unified technical standards for clinical evaluation.
Tech
Beyond Lovable and Mistral: 21 European startups to watch
Europe should be known for BottleCap AI, not bottle cap memes. With its tongue-in-cheek name, this Prague-based AI startup is one of the teams that VCs think you should know.
It is not that European startups never cut through the noise — Lovable and Mistral AI are proof of it. But there are many more that don’t have nine digits in annual recurring revenue yet and that insiders are still tracking very closely.
That’s where this list comes in. Over the last few weeks, we asked investors at some of Europe’s best known venture funds to recommend two startups each: one from their portfolio (because they liked the startup well enough to invest) and one outside of it (because they are the startup experts but can’t invest in them all). We also threw in a few picks of our own.
From pre-launch to unicorn, these startups are at different stages in their journey, and from different sectors. Due to our methodology, they may not reflect where the region’s hottest hubs are, but they do reflect how deep tech talent could help Europe play its own cards in the AI race.
Alta Ares
Recommended by Julien Codorniou, general partner, 20VC.
What it does: Alta Ares develops AI-powered counter-drone systems.
Why it’s worth watching: Defense tech has gone from pariah to trending, particularly in Europe, where the war in Ukraine was a wake-up call for armies to modernize. Alta Ares’ interceptors answer a need for cheaper solutions to detect and fight drone incursions.
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Apron
Recommended by Jan Hammer, partner, Index Ventures (investor).
What it does: Apron provides invoice management for small business owners.
Why it’s worth watching: SMBs can be a lucrative segment for fintech companies; business owners are willing to spend at least some money to save time, and there are millions of them.
Botify
Recommended by Claire Houry, general partner, Ventech (investor).
What it does: Botify helps brands increase their visibility in AI searches.
Why it’s worth watching: Companies are still scrambling to replace SEO with generative engine optimization (GEO) — but this Disrupt NY 2016 alum has already embraced the shift. Botify has competitors in its new field, such as Otterly.AI and Profound, but also big customers, from Macy’s to The New York Times.
BottleCap AI
Recommended by Julien Codorniou, general partner, 20VC (investor).
What it does: BottleCap AI develops efficiency-focused foundational LLMs and apps.
Why it’s worth watching: With a founding trio that includes an entrepreneur who sold his previous company to Meta and two AI researchers, BottleCap adopted a dual approach. The startup is building its own models and releasing apps built on top of them, including Pulse, an AI-powered news app.
Cailabs
Recommended by Flavia Levi, investment manager, Join Capital.
What it does: Cailabs develops photonics for aerospace, defense, and industrial applications.
Why it’s worth watching: Cailabs is based on advanced research on the science of light, which it now applies to faster and more robust data transmission. Backed by public and private investors, it plans to deploy 50 optical ground stations to support growing demand for laser communications with satellites.

Cala
Recommended by TechCrunch’s Anna Heim.
What it does: Knowledge graph for AI agents.
Why it’s worth watching: Cala plans to build the knowledge layer that AI agents are missing. Its founder is Elisenda Bou-Balust, a high-profile Spanish entrepreneur and AI expert who sold her previous company Vilynx to Apple in 2020.
Flower
Recommended by Pär-Jörgen Pärson, partner, Northzone (investor).
What it does: Renewable energy management.
Why it’s worth watching: Wind and solar energy are inherently variable. Flower leverages AI and battery energy storage systems to make their use more predictable. This Swedish company also recently raised over $60 million in bonds to keep on scaling.
Fundamental
Recommended by Jonathan Userovici, general partner, Headline (investor).
What it does: Foundation AI for big data analysis.
Why it’s worth watching: Fundamental’s foundation model, Nexus, focuses on helping enterprises draw insights from their data. The company just emerged from stealth in February, but it is already valued at $1.4 billion following a $255 million Series A.
Gradium
Recommended by Jonathan Userovici, general partner, Headline.
What it does: AI voice models.
Why it’s worth watching: Gradium’s AI models can be used for real-time text-to-speech that gives AI agents a voice in multiple languages. A spinout of French AI lab Kyutai, this ElevenLabs challenger raised a $70 million seed round of its own.
HappyRobot
Recommended by Pablo Ventura, general partner, Kfund.
What it does: AI agents for complex use cases.
Why it’s worth watching: HappyRobot, a startup backed by a16z and Y Combinator, is one of many building AI agents, but its focus is on making sure that these can be deployed and deliver ROI. It is headquartered in the U.S., but its three co-founders and part of its team are Spanish.

Inbolt
Recommended by Claire Houry, general partner, Ventech.
What it does: Physical AI for factories.
Why it’s worth watching: Mixing AI and robotics, Inbolt improves and expands automation in manufacturing, from the automotive industry and electronics to home goods production lines. The startup says it is already active in more than 70 factories.
Legora
Recommended by Pär-Jörgen Pärson, partner, Northzone.
What it does: AI platform for lawyers.
Why it’s worth watching: With increased competition from mainstream LLMs, legal tech will also be about marketing. Grab the popcorn for Harvey v. Legora after Legora one-upped its rival by enlisting Jude Law to be the face of its brand. That’s one point for the Swedish-born startup, which is now headquartered in New York but is still one of Stockholm’s rising AI stars.
Macrodata Labs
Recommended by Floriane de Maupeou, principal, Serena Data Ventures.
What it does: AI training data infrastructure.
Why it’s worth watching: “Every strong model starts with great data,” Macrodata Labs claims on its “coming soon” landing page. But the startup won’t build that data; its upcoming platform will provide other companies with tooling to create solid training datasets.
Multiverse Computing
Recommended by TechCrunch’s Julie Bort.
What it does: Offers compressed versions of open weight models like OpenAI, Meta, DeepSeek, and Mistral AI.
Why it’s worth watching: Multiverse Computing‘s tech takes a proven model and makes it smaller and less expensive to operate, especially on a company’s own hardware. Co-founded by CTO Román Orús, a professor at the Donostia International Physics Center, the Spanish startup has raised $250 million.
Optics11
Recommended by Flavia Levi, investment manager, Join Capital (investor).
What it does: Fiber-optic sensing systems.
Why it’s worth watching: Optics11’s technology makes it possible to monitor equipment underwater and in similarly harsh conditions. Its potential in preventing disruptions to subsea infrastructure and energy grids helped the startup secure venture debt from the European Investment Bank.
Pennylane
Recommended by Jan Hammer, partner, Index Ventures.
What it does: Finance management platform for SMBs.
Why it’s worth watching: Pennylane started out with accounting, but it has bigger plans. Like many other growth-stage fintechs, this French unicorn has expanded its scope, with the ambition to build a unified financial operating system for SMBs in Europe.
PLD Space
Recommended by TechCrunch’s Anna Heim.
What it does: Launches rockets.
Why it’s worth watching: PLD Space is part of Europe’s push for space autonomy. After successfully launching a suborbital rocket in 2023, it is currently developing a reusable orbital launcher for small satellites. Last month, the Spanish company secured a $209 million Series C round led by Mitsubishi Electric that brought its funding to more than $350 million.

Proxima Fusion
Recommended by Daria Saharova, general partner, World Fund.
What it does: Nuclear fusion.
Why it’s worth watching: The race for an alternative to nuclear fission is on, and Proxima Fusion is one of Europe’s strongest contenders. The VC-backed company recently secured $460 million from the state of Bavaria to support its plans to build a fusion power plant in Europe, starting with a demonstration stellarator near Munich.
Roofline
Recommended by Floriane de Maupeou, principal, Serena Data Ventures (investor).
What it does: Software for AI model deployment on advanced chips.
Why it’s worth watching: University spinout Roofline bridges the gap between AI and an increasingly fragmented hardware layer with software that lets users deploy models efficiently on different types of chips.
Space Forge
Recommended by Daria Saharova, general partner, World Fund (investor).
What it does: Space Forge manufactures semiconductor components in space.
Why it’s worth watching: In-space manufacturing is on the rise — for pharmaceutical applications and for chips, which are Space Forge’s focus. With extra tailwinds from geopolitics, the startup is already forging ahead: It recently generated plasma in low Earth orbit.
Theker
Recommended by Pablo Ventura, general partner, Kfund (investor).
What it does: Robots as a service.
Why it’s worth watching: Theker is one of several startups backed by Zara owner Inditex through a dedicated fund managed by Mundi Ventures. Theker’s AI-enabled robots could help the retail giant improve its logistics, but the startup is also pursuing use cases in waste management and food and beverage production.
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Tech
The best AI dictation apps, tested and ranked
AI dictation apps have come a long way in a short time. For years they were slow and inaccurate — unless you spoke with a particular accent and enunciated clearly.
Advances in large language models (LLMs) and speech-to-text models have changed that, producing systems that can decipher speech more accurately while retaining enough context to format the text correctly. Developers have also built in features to automatically remove filler words, fix stumbles, and handle punctuation — outputting text that needs far fewer edits.
With dozens of such apps now on the market, we’ve rounded up our picks for the best and most useful dictation apps available right now.
Wispr Flow
Wispr Flow is a well-funded AI dictation app that lets you add custom words and instructions for dictation. It has native apps for macOS, Windows, and iOS; an Android version is in the works.
The app lets you customize how it transcribes your text by choosing from “formal,” “casual,” and “very casual” styles for different kinds of writing, such as personal messaging, work, and email. And if you use it with vibe-coding tools like Cursor, you can turn on a feature to automatically recognize variables or tag files in the chat.
The app lets you transcribe up to 2,000 words per week for free on desktop, and 1,000 words per month on iOS. Paid subscription plans offer unlimited transcription and start at $15 per month.

Willow
Willow advertises itself as a big time-saver for those who don’t like to type. Alongside common features like automatic editing and formatting, the app uses large language models to generate a full passage of text from just a few dictated words.
Willow also takes a more privacy-focused approach by storing all transcripts locally on your device and lets you opt out of model training entirely. It also lets you add custom vocabulary to help it adapt to your industry’s terminology, or your local dialect.

Willow lets you dictate 2,000 words per month on its desktop app for free. Individual subscription plans start at $15 per month, unlocking unlimited dictation and enabling the app to remember your writing style.
Monologue
If privacy if your priority, Monologue lets you download its AI model directly to your device for transcriptions, keeping your data off the cloud entirely. What’s more, the app lets you customize its tone depending on the app you use it with.
Monologue lets you transcribe 1,000 words per month for free; a subscription costs $10 per month or $100 per year. The company also sends its most active users a physical shortcut device called the Monokey to use with the app.
Superwhisper
Superwhisper is primarily a dictation app, but it can also transcribe from audio or video files. The app lets you choose and download AI models, including several of its own at different speeds and accuracy levels, along with Nvidia’s Parakeet speech-recognition models.
The app also lets you write custom prompts to steer the output, and you can view both processed and unprocessed transcripts directly from your system keyboard.
The basic voice-to-text feature is free to use, and you get 15 minutes to test Pro features such as translation and transcription. The paid tier lets you use your own AI API keys and connect cloud and local models without any usage caps.
The monthly plan costs $8.49 per month, the annual plan costs $84.99 per month, or you can pay $249.99 for a lifetime subscription.
VoiceTypr
The VoiceTypr app takes an offline-first, no-subscription approach, letting you use local models for transcription. It also has a GitHub repository for those who want to host and run the open source version themselves. VoiceTypr supports over 99 languages and works on both Mac and Windows.
The app is available to try for three days for free, and after that, it will allow you to buy a lifetime license. The app costs $35 for one device, $56 for two, and $98 for four devices.
Aqua
Aqua is a Y Combinator-backed voice-typing app for Windows and macOS that claims to be one of the fastest tools in the category in terms of latency (the delay between when you speak and when text appears on screen).
Besides handling grammar and punctuation, Aqua also lets you autofill text by saying phrases — you can say “my address” and have Aqua type it in, for example.
The app also offers its own speech-to-text API, letting other apps plug into Aqua’s transcription engine.
The free tier gets you 1,000 words per month. Paid plans start at $8 per month bill annually and unlock unlimited words and 800 custom dictionary values.
Handy
Handy is an open-source, free transcription tool that runs on Mac, Windows, and Linux. The app is pretty basic and doesn’t offer much customization, but if you want to start using your voice more and don’t want to pay, it is a good option.
The app has a basic settings menu that lets you toggle push-to-talk and change the hotkey to activate transcription.
Typeless
Typeless stands out for its high free word count. The company claims it doesn’t retain any data or use it to train AI models. Typeless also offers to rewrite sentences you may have fumbled.
The app lets you dictate up to 4,000 words per week (roughly 16,000 words per month) on its free tier. You can pay $12 per month (billed annually) to unlock unlimited words and get access to new features. Typeless is available for Windows and macOS only.
VoiceInk
VoiceInk is an open-source private dictation app for Mac. The app supports global shortcuts for recording start/stop, along with a push-to-talk mode. It reads the context on screen and adjusts its output accordingly.
The app can automatically detect certain apps and URLs and apply custom formatting or rules to each. It also has an assistant mode that can answer your questions. The app costs $25 for lifetime access for one device, $39 for two devices, and $49 for three devices.
Dictato
Dictato is a dictionary app for Mac priced at €9.99 — roughly $12 — that gives you lifetime access and two years of feature updates. The app works with offline models like Parakeet, Whisper, and Apple Speech Analyzer, and uses Apple Intelligence for light reading and filler word removal. Thanks to these local models, the app claims a super fast 80ms latency, meaning text appears almost instantly after you speak.
AudioPen
AudioPen began as a web-based voice notes app, but it has evolved over the years. Its Mac version now lets you dictate text and rewrite it in your preferred format and style, switching between different styles at any time. Besides live transcription, AudioPen allows you to store audio notes across platforms, combine notes for summaries, upload audio files, and rewrite existing notes using AI. The app costs $33 for three months, $99 for a year, and $159 for two years.
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Tech
Netflix delays Greta Gerwig’s ‘Narnia’ movie for big theatrical push in 2027
Audiences will have to wait a few months longer to see “Narnia: The Magician’s Nephew,” with the release date pushed back from Thanksgiving to February 12, 2027.
In addition to relaunching “Narnia” on big screens and serving as writer-director Greta Gerwig’s first film since “Barbie,” “The Magician’s Nephew” also looks like the next step in Netflix’s relationship with movie theaters — and it’s becoming an even bigger step with the delay.
The company had previously said “The Magician’s Nephew” would play exclusively on Imax screens for at least two weeks before a streaming release for Christmas. That would be an ambitious theatrical release by Netflix’s standards, but relatively limited compared to many other Hollywood blockbusters.
Now, Netflix says “The Magician’s Nephew” will begin exclusive Imax previews on February 10, 2027, followed by a wide global release in theaters on February 12. (In Netflix’s words, it will be a “global eventized release.”) The movie won’t start streaming until April 2.
The company’s announcement doesn’t get more specific about which theaters will be showing “The Magician’s Nephew,” but Imax released a statement noting that the delay will allow the film to have “a full theatrical window,” so the major theater chains are unlikely to complain
In fact, AMC Theatres recently highlighted the success of its“Stranger Things” finale screenings and said it has plans for more collaborations with Netflix. At the same time, the streamer’s limited support for theatrical releases and its resistance to exclusive theatrical windows was reportedly a “dealbreaker” in negotiations with the creators of “Stranger Things,” who ultimately signed an exclusive deal with Paramount.
With a cast that includes Daniel Craig and Meryl Streep, “The Magician’s Nephew” adapts one of the later books in C.S. Lewis’ classic fantasy series — a prequel that lays out the origins of Narnia.
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In Netflix’s announcement, Gerwig said she first read the book as a child, when she “fell in love with the gorgeously improbable but completely brilliant concept of a cosmic lion singing the world of Narnia to life.”
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